Engine Start in Cold Weather Conditions (OAT Less Than -40 Degrees) [CFMI]

TASK 71-00-00-860-002-A
Engine Start in Cold Weather Conditions (OAT Less Than -40 Degrees)

1. Reason for the Job
This procedure gives the engine starting and operating instructions during cold weather conditions (OAT less than -40 deg. C (-40 deg. F)). These instructions give the additional technical information to add to the standard starting procedures. Ice collected in the engine intake is one of the primary risks during cold weather operation.
Snow that blows into a cooling engine can become ice if it melts and freezes again.

This collected ice can lock the rotor blades to the stator case.
This collected ice can be on the surface of the rotor blades and cause the blades to be unbalanced.
Rain and high winds cause the temperature to decrease substantially during a small period of time. This can cause ice accretion in the engine and lock the rotors. During engine operation, the large airflows and the suction at the engine inlet can cause ice accretion in the engine.
This is very dangerous during engine operation at high power settings and static conditions on the ground.
The suction action decreases the air pressure and subsequently decreases the air temperature.
The evaporative cooling and the temperature decrease from the suction. In this condition, it causes collected ice when the water droplets hit the spinner, fan blades and guide vanes.

Before you use this procedure, refer to (Ref. AMM TASK 12-31-00-600-001).

NOTE: This procedure is recommended for engines configured with Hydromechanical Units (HMUs) that have fluorosilicon or fluorocarbon Viton GLT-600S external seals and includes these HMUs:
- PRE CFM Service Bulletin CFM56-5B 73-0015 HMUs
- POST CFM Service Bulletin CFM56-5B 73-0217 HMUs
- POST CFM Service Bulletin CFM56-5B 73-0227 HMUs.

2. Job Set-up Information
A. Fixtures, Tools, Test and Support Equipment

REFERENCE	QTY	DESIGNATION
No specific	1	GUN - HOT AIR - MAX OPERATING 55 DEG.C (131 DEG.F)
No specific	AR	HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F)
RSE1132	1	COVER - COMMON NOZZLE
RSE1244	1	COVER - INLET COWL ENGINE

B. Referenced Information

REFERENCE	DESIGNATION
TASK 71-00-00-000-040-A	Removal of the Power Plant
TASK 71-00-00-000-040-A-01	Removal of the Power Plant with the Engine Positioner TWW 75E
TASK 71-00-00-000-040-A-03	Removal of the Power Plant with Jacxson Tool
TASK 71-00-00-400-040-A	Installation of the Power Plant
TASK 71-00-00-400-040-A-01	Installation of the Power Plant with the Engine Positioner TWW 75E
TASK 71-00-00-400-040-A-03	Installation of the Power Plant with Jacxson Tool
TASK 71-00-00-710-003-A	Engine Automatic Start
TASK 71-00-00-710-028-A	Engine Shutdown
TASK 79-21-10-210-003-A	Check the following Magnetic Plugs and Screens: AGB Scavenge and Aft Sump Scavenge
TASK 80-11-00-040-041-A	Manually Operate the Starter Valve
Engine Start in Cold Weather Conditions (OAT Less Than -40 Degrees)
Heating Time for HMU Housing with Hot Air Blower (600 SCFM) at 55 deg. C
FOR [1000EM1] (ENGINE-1)
TSM 71-00-00-810-803	Fuel Leak at the Engine 1 Drain Mast During an Engine Start in Case of Extreme Cold Condition (OAT less than -20 deg.C)
TSM 79-00-00-810-833	The Electrical Master Chip Detector indication is popped out - Engine 1
TSM 79-00-00-810-836	Low Oil Pressure Indication on Engine 1
FOR [1000EM1] (ENGINE-1)
FOR [1000EM2] (ENGINE-2)
TSM 71-00-00-810-804	Fuel Leaks at the Engine 2 Drain Mast During an Engine Start in Case of Extreme Cold Condition (OAT less than -20 deg.C)
FOR [1000EM2] (ENGINE-2)
TASK 72-00-00-200-003-A	Procedure After the Engine has Exceeded the Operational Limits
TSM 79-00-00-810-834	The Electrical Master Chip Detector indication is popped out - Engine 2
TSM 79-00-00-810-837	Low Oil Pressure Indication on Engine 2

3. Job Set-up
Subtask 71-00-00-860-161-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

A. General Information
(1) Icing conditions occur when the Total Air Temperature (TAT) is less than 10 deg. C (50 deg. F). Look for the items that follow:
(a) Moisture (clouds, fog with the visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, ice crystals, etc.)
(b) Remaining water, ice or snow on the ground.

Subtask 71-00-00-860-162-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

B. Precautions
(1) When the engine is not operated, Foreign Object Damage (FOD) or snow/rain ingestion for some conditions can occur.
(a) It is recommended to install engine intake covers RSE1244 COVER - INLET COWL ENGINE and exhaust covers RSE1132 COVER - COMMON NOZZLE.
(b) It is recommended to point the airplane into the prevailing wind, as far as possible.
(2) During heavy snowstorms, the engine must be shutdown in forward thrust to prevent ice accretion on the thrust reverser.

NOTE: The limit to use Type 2 oil is a minimum oil temperature of -40 deg. C (-40 deg. F) for engine starting.

NOTE: Type 1 oil should not be used for an extended period of time and shall only be limited to revenue service operation that could potentially encounter extreme cold temperature (less than -40 deg. C (-40 deg. F)).

NOTE: Refer to CFM Service Bulletin CFM56-5A 79-0001 for approved oil.

4. Procedure
Subtask 71-00-00-860-163-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

A. Preparation for Engine Operation
(1) Remove the intake and exhaust covers.
(2) Heating of the inlet or exhaust covers

CAUTION: TO PREVENT THERMAL SHOCK ON ENGINE PARTS, INCREASE THE AIR TEMPERATURE SLOWLY TO 55 DEG.C (131 DEG. F). THE COMPONENTS/STRUCTURE WILL SLOWLY WARM UP AND THEN THE AIR TEMPERATURE WILL STABILIZE AROUND 55 DEG. C (131 DEG. F).

(a) If the inlet or exhaust covers cannot be released from the nacelle due to ice, use HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F) or GUN - HOT AIR - MAX OPERATING 55 DEG.C (131 DEG.F) to facilitate this procedure.
(3) If you use Type 2 oil and if temperature falls to less than -40 deg. C (-40 deg. F), preheat the engine.
(4) Preheating of the engine

(a) Blow hot air into the engine through the air intake at an air temperature equal to 55 deg. C (131 deg. F) maximum. Use a hot air duct from the HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F).

NOTE: It is not necessary to preheat the engine if it is started and runs at intervals in order to keep oil at -40 deg. C (-40 deg. F) or more.

NOTE: When you use Type 1 oil, it is not necessary to preheat the engine but it is recommended.

(5) Do a visual check of the intake cowls and the fan exhaust duct for collected ice.
(6) De-icing the cowls and the fan exhaust

(a) If ice has collected on the intake cowls, blow hot air on the cowls and fan exhaust duct at a maximum air temperature equal to 55 deg. C (131 deg. F) until no ice remains. Use a hot air duct from a HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F).
(7) Do a visual check for ice collected on the cowling and the thrust reverser external surfaces.
(8) De-icing the cowling and the thrust reverser external surfaces

(a) If there is ice collected on the cowling and the thrust reverser external surfaces, blow hot air to a maximum air temperature of 55 deg. C (131 deg. F) until no ice remains. Use a hot air duct from a HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F).
(9) De-icing the drain mast area

(a) Apply heat to the drain mast area with a HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F) or a GUN - HOT AIR - MAX OPERATING 55 DEG.C (131 DEG.F) .
(10) Make sure that the N1 rotor turns freely in the counter-clockwise direction forward looking aft.
(11) De-icing the N1 rotor

(a) If you can not turn the N1 rotor, blow hot air through the engine air intake to a maximum temperature of 55 deg. C (131 deg. F) until the rotor turns freely.

Subtask 71-00-00-710-212-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

B. Engine Operation
(1) Do the normal procedure to start the engine (Ref. AMM TASK 71-00-00-710-003).
(2) If there is fuel leakage only at HMU during the engine start when:

the ambient temperature is less than -30 deg. C (-22 deg. F) and the HMU has SB CFM56-5A 73-0078 applied or
the temperature is less than -40 deg. C (-40 deg. F) and the HMU has SB CFM56-5A 73-0197 applied,
continue the starting sequence, stabilize at idle power and do the following steps:

(a) If the fuel leakage stops in less than 5 minutes at idle, continue operation of the engine.
(b) If the fuel leakage continues after 5 minutes at idle, shut down the engine and apply the following heating procedure in order to ensure no external leakage from the HMU:

1 Using a HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F), heat the HMU housing for the time specified in the figure.

Heating Time for HMU Housing with Hot Air Blower (600 SCFM) at 55 deg. C ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

The time specified in the figure

Heating Time for HMU Housing with Hot Air Blower (600 SCFM) at 55 deg. C ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

is the amount of time required to heat the HMU to no more than 25 deg. C using a hot air blower with a 600 SCFM flow rate. Hot air blowers with different flow rates will heat the HMU more quickly or slowly depending upon the flow rate.

NOTE: The preferred method of applying heat to the HMU is by opening the fan cowls and applying heat directly to the HMU.

2 After the HMU has been heated for the time specified above, perform an engine start and verify that no fuel leakage is present.
3 If the fuel leakage continues after 5 minutes at idle, shut down the engine, and do a troubleshooting:
(3) FOR [1000EM1] (ENGINE-1), [1000EM1] (ENGINE-1)
TSM 71-00-00-810-803
(4) FOR [1000EM1] (ENGINE-1), [1000EM2] (ENGINE-2)
TSM 71-00-00-810-804.
(5) If the START VALVE FAULT ECAM warning is shown with valve stuck closed or start valve not open, do a check for a frozen start valve.

NOTE: Full opening of the Starter Air Valve (SAV) can cause damage to the SAV diaphragms when no air pressure is in the circuit. It is thus first recommended to operate the SAV butterfly at not more than 30 deg. angle to make sure that it opens and closes freely.

(a) If the butterfly of the starter Air Valve is not successfully opened, use the air duct of the SAV to increase the temperature.
1 Open the Starter Air Valve access door (Ref. AMM TASK 80-11-00-040-041).
2 Partially open the valve as follows:

CAUTION: FULL OPENING OF THE SAV CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE SAV DIAPHRAGMS WHEN NO AIR PRESSURE IS IN THE CIRCUIT. IT IS THUS RECOMMENDED TO ACTUATE THE SAV FLAPPER NO MORE THAN 30 DEG. IN ORDER TO CHECK ITS FREE OPENING/CLOSING.

a Turn the manual handle no more than 30 deg. clockwise (in order to prevent damage on internal SAV diaphragms) to partially open the valve. For SAV equipped with a single actuator, first push the wrench button and then rotate the lever.
3 If the manual override is seized up or difficult to turn, freezing/icing conditions may be present. Continue as follows:
4 Blow hot air with a HOT AIR BLOWER MAX OPERATING 55DEG C (131 DEG F) at a temperature equal to 55 deg. C (131 deg. F) on the starter air valve duct through the starter air valve access door.

NOTE: When you increase the temperature, do not direct the heat flow to the SAV solenoid, J9/J10 connectors and harnesses.

5 Turn the manual handle no more than 30 deg. clockwise (in order to prevent damages on internal SAV diaphragms) to not fully open the valve.
6 Make sure that the manual override is not seized up or difficult to turn.
7 Close the starter air valve (Ref. AMM TASK 80-11-00-040-041).
8 Close the starter air valve access doors (Ref. AMM TASK 80-11-00-040-041).
(6) If necessary, do the oil system procedures that follow:

NOTE: During the cold soak or sub-zero temperature starts, pressure surge may occur and high oil pressure is acceptable.

(a) If the ENG FILTER CLOG ECAM warning message is started temporarily during engine start with low engine oil temperature (less than 40 deg. C (104 deg. F)), no maintenance action is required.
(b) Do a check of correct operation after next start with oil temperature more than 40 deg. C (104 deg. F).
(c) Do a check of these points:
1 During start, positive oil pressure must be shown before turning fuel and ignition on, and must be shown when the engine is at minimum idle.
2 Oil pressure must decrease as oil temperature increases.
3 The figure

Engine Start in Cold Weather Conditions (OAT Less Than -40 Degrees) ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

gives the relation between oil pressure and N2 speed. Four operating zones are given.
* Oil pressure less than 13 psi (0.90 bar).
** If engine operates at idle with no oil pressure or very low pressure for more than 30 seconds, remove engine (Ref. AMM TASK 71-00-00-000-040) (Ref. AMM TASK 71-00-00-400-040) and send it to shop.
** If an engine, which is in time limit given above, operated with no oil pressure or very low pressure, do these steps:
- Shut down the engine (Ref. AMM TASK 71-00-00-710-028).
- Remove all filters, screens and Magnetic Chip Detectors (MCD).
- Make sure that there are no unwanted metal particles (Ref. AMM TASK 79-21-10-210-003).
If there are no unwanted metal particles, do a troubleshooting:
(d) FOR [1000EM1] (ENGINE-1)
TSM 79-00-00-810-833
(e) FOR [1000EM2] (ENGINE-2)
TSM 79-00-00-810-834.
* Oil pressure in zone 1.
** Do the procedure after the engine has exceeded the operational limits (Ref. AMM TASK 72-00-00-200-003).
* Oil pressure in zone 2.
** Normal operating oil pressure range.
* Oil pressure in zone 3.
** If the oil pressure stays in zone 3 after the oil temperature becomes stable in the limits, shut down the engine and do the procedure after the engine has exceeded the operational limits (Ref. AMM TASK 72-00-00-200-003).
1 Oil pressure decrease

CAUTION: A. MAINTENANCE ACTION IS NECESSARY BEFORE NEXT FLIGHT IF ENGINE OIL PRESSURE LEVELS ARE FOUND IN AREA 1. B. IT IS NECESSARY FOR OPERATION: IN AREAS 1 AND 3 TO HAVE CAREFUL MONITORING OF OTHER OIL SYSTEM PARAMETERS. C. DURING "NEGATIVE G" OPERATING CONDITIONS OIL PRESSURE LESS THAN 13 PSID (90 KPA DIFF.) IS PERMITTED FOR A MAXIMUM OF 10 SECONDS.

a If the oil pressure decreases to zero after several minutes of ground operation, shut down the engine and do troubleshooting:
(f) FOR [1000EM1] (ENGINE-1)
TSM 79-00-00-810-836
(g) FOR [1000EM2] (ENGINE-2)
TSM 79-00-00-810-837.
(7) If there are icing conditions, do these steps:

NOTE: During engine operation in icing conditions, the ice can collect on the spinner, fan blades, and first stage stator vanes. This ice can flake and go out through the fan exhaust.

(a) Let the engine speed become stable at minimum idle.
(b) Slowly increase the engine rating from minimum idle to 70 percent N1.
(c) Let the engine speed become stable for 0.5 minute at 70 percent N1.
(d) Slowly decrease the engine rating from 70 percent N1 to minimum idle.
(e) Do the steps above again in 30 minutes interval.

[Rev.10 from 2021] 2026.04.01 02:21:45 UTC