DOC AIRBUS | AMM A320FSpecified Types of Damage [IAE]
TASK 70-52-11-918-010-A
Specified Types of Damage
1. Reason for the Job
This TASK gives names to specified types of damage. This is to prevent errors which can occur when different names are used for the same type of damage. Always use the correct name for the specified type of damage or condition when an inspection is made on a component.
2. Job Set-up Information
A. Referenced Information
3. Job Set-up
Subtask 70-52-11-869-050-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL
Subtask 70-52-11-918-050-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL
[Rev.10 from 2021]
2026.04.01 02:19:49 UTC
Specified Types of Damage
1. Reason for the Job
This TASK gives names to specified types of damage. This is to prevent errors which can occur when different names are used for the same type of damage. Always use the correct name for the specified type of damage or condition when an inspection is made on a component.
2. Job Set-up Information
A. Referenced Information
| REFERENCE | DESIGNATION |
|---|---|
BatteredSubtask 70-52-11-869-050-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL
A. Not Applicable
4. ProcedureSubtask 70-52-11-918-050-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL
A. The Type of Damage to Metal Parts
Subtask 70-52-11-918-051-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL | TYPE OF DAMAGE | RELATED DATA | RELATED CONDITION |
|---|---|---|
| Arced | Flashed-over. | The effects that can be seen (burned or fused metal) of an unwanted electrical discharge between two electrical connections. |
| Battered | Damaged by impacts. | Is damage caused to a part when it is constantly hit. |
| Bent | Creased, folded, kinked, leaning. | Is angular change from the initial shape or contour usually the cause is a lateral force. |
| Binding | Sticking, tight. | Is decreased movement such as a tightened condition which results from very cold temperatures or an unwanted particle between surfaces. |
| Bowed | - | A curve which changes the surfaces usual shape or contour. Usually the cause is heat or a lateral force. |
| Brinelled | - | Circular surface damage on bearing races. Usually the cause is constant shock loads given to the bearing. False Brinelling Roller bearins: It is seen as axial lines across the roller track which are surfaces blemishes. This is permitted. Ball bearings: Are two marks related to each ball that can be seen on the ball track which are surface blemishes. This is permitted. |
| Brittle | Perished | Is a change in the elasticity of the material. |
| Broken | Fractured | The separation of a part by force, into two or more pieces. |
| Bulged | Balloned, swollen | Internal and external local distortion. Usually the cause is too much heat or differences in pressure. |
| Burned | Charred | A complete structural failure of the material because of very hot temperatures. |
| Burrs | - | Rough edges or sharp projections on the surface of a material. |
| Carboned | Carbon covered, carbon tracked, coked | A quantity of carbon particles collected on the surface of a material. |
| Chafed | Scraped, scuffed | Friction wear damage, usually the cause is two parts that rub together with a small amount of movement. |
| Checkered | Crazed | Surface cracks; usually the cause is heat. |
| Chipped | - | Material broken off the edge, corner or surface. Usually caused when a material is hit. |
| Collapsed | Crushed | The surface is pulled below its initial contour. Usually the cause is large differences in pressure. |
| Corroded | Rusted, oxidation, etched, sulphidation | Slow deterioration of the material because of a chemical effect. Usually seen as oxide particles on the surface. |
| Cracked | - | A linear opening that can easily be seen and which can cause the material to break (Special fluorescent or magnetic penetrants are not necessary). |
| Crossed | - | Material damage to a part, for example, crossed thread. Alternatively a part incorrectly assembled, for example, crossed wires. |
| Curled | - | A rounded fold in the material such as a blade tip that has rubbed against the engine casing. |
| Dented | - | Damage to the surface of a part when it is hit with an object. The material is distorted but not removed. |
| Deposits | Metalized | Particles of material collected on a part from a different part or material. |
| Disengaged | Separated, loose | This occurs only to parts that are usually permanently attached to each other. |
| Disintegrated | Shattered | Completely broken in pieces. |
| Distorted | Buckled, depressed twisted, warped | Is damage that changes the initial shape or contour of a material. Usually caused when the material is hit, made hot or has structural stresses applied. |
| Eccentric | Non-concentric | Occurs when a part has the point about which it turns moved off center. |
| Eroded | - | The flow of fluids or gases cause the material to wear: heat or grit makes this occur more quickly. |
| Extruded | - | Plastic deformation because of high pressure between parts. |
| Feathered edge | - | The edge of the material is made thinner. |
| Flattened out | - | Permanent damage more than the tolerance limits. Usually caused when the material is compressed. |
| Frayed | - | Worn (rubbed) in to strips. |
| Fretted | Galled, spiked | Damage caused when two materials are rubbed together at high pressure. |
| Fused | - | When two materials become attached to each other, usually the cause is heat, friction or current flow. |
| Galled | Fretted, spiked | Damage caused when two materials are rubbed together at high pressure. |
| Glazed | - | This is seen as a hard glossy surface because of heat, varnish, incorrect loads or when the surface is rubbed. |
| Gouge | - | A large rough cut of large depth with the removal of some material, caused because a sharp object has hit the part. |
| Grooved | Furrowed, fluted | A smooth rounded score, because of wear, with rounded corners and smooth on the groove bottom. |
| Indications | - | Small cracks or other small defects that can not be seen without fluorescent or magnetic penetrants. |
| Melted | - | Distrotion to the initial shape or contour because of heat friction or pressure. |
| Nicked | - | A small cut on the surface or edge of a part caused when the part is hit with an object. |
| Overheated | Heat discolored, heated excessively, hot spot | The part has become too hot, usually seen as a change in color or condition. |
| Part missing | Lost | Related only to a detail that is usually permanently attached. |
| Peeled | BListered, flaked, exfoliated | Is when the surface finish (coating, plating) breaks away. |
| Peened | - | A group of very small dents caused when the part is hit many times. |
| Pick-up | - | The material from one surface becomes attached to a different surface. Ususally caused when two surfaces are rubbed together without sufficient lubricant. |
| Pierced | Hole in the part | The part has a hole made in it. |
| Pitted | - | Small irregular shaped holes in the surface of a material. Usually caused because of corrosion or electrical discharge. |
| Plugged | Clogged, obstructed, restricted passage | The flow is decreased or prevented because of blockage. |
| Porous | Pock-marked, perforated weld | Small empty spaces in the material usually found in welds and materials that are cast. |
| Rolled over | Lipped, turned metal | The edges of the part become rounded. |
| Rough | - | When the operation (not the surface) is not smooth. |
| Rubbed | Abraded | To move with pressure or friction against a different surface. Such as compressor rub. |
| Ruptured | Blown, burst, split | The surface of the part is broken open because of an internal stress or force. |
| Scored | - | A scratch or scratches of large depth (with some removal of the material) made with a sharp object during the operation of the part. |
| Scratch | - | A small surface cut with not much depth made with a sharp object or particle. Material is not usually removed. |
| Seized | Frozen, jammed, stuck | Movement between the parts is stopped because the clearance is not sufficient. Caused because of heat or unwanted particles. |
| Sheared | Cut | Is when two surfaces move in relation to each other along the same axis in opposite directions. This will cause the details that hold the two surfaces together to break. |
| Skidding | - | Is surface damage to balls, rollers and races of bearings. It is seen as an intermittent matt silver effect on the surface and occurs because of intermittent loads during use. |
| Sludged | Gummed | Very small particles of unwanted material collected in one location. |
| Softened | Perished | Below the specified elasticity. |
| Spalled | Plucked | A rough broken area on the surface of a material. Usually caused because of surface cracks or inclusions when a load is put on the surface. |
| Spinning | - | Damage caused when a bearing race is turned too much. |
| Stretched | Growth | The part is made larger as a result of conditions of operation. |
| Stripped | - | The removal of material by force. Usually related to threads and insulation. |
| Torn | - | The materail is pulled apart. |
| Untwisted | Unwound | An unsatisfactory decrease in the angular adjustment. The part tries to become straight. |
| Worn excessively | - | The material of the part is erroded away because of operation or use. |
| Wrecked | - | The damage is too bad for continued use. |
B. The Condition of Metal Parts
Subtask 70-52-11-918-052-A ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL | TYPE OF DAMAGE | RELATED DATA | RELATED CONDITION |
|---|---|---|
| Acceptable | OK | Statisfactory for continued use. |
| Not inspected | - | |
| Class of part too low | - | The nozzle guide vane class is the angular deviation between the airfoil chord and the buttresses. |
| Class of part too high | - | The nozzle guide vane class is the angular deviation between the airfoil chord and the buttresses. |
| Clearance above maximum | - | Unsatisfactory tolerances have collected. (Not because of wear) |
| Clearance above minimum | - | Unstaisfactory tolerances have collected. (Not because of wear) |
| Clearance end too much | - | - |
| Compression or tension below minimum | - | Compression or tension load is lower than specified. |
| Compression or tension above maximum | - | Compression or tension load is higher than specified. |
| Damaged during transit | - | - |
| Deterioration in storage | - | - |
| Dimension below minimum | - | Below the engineering drawing dimension or other specified dimension. |
| Dimension above maximum | - | Above the engineering drawing dimension or other specified dimension. |
| Emission low | - | Is the low output of electrical tubes; it shows an unsatisfactory tube. |
| Finish not to specification | - | Is the condition of the surface finish; not surface damage. |
| Frequency out of limits | - | The frequency of vibrations of a part are above permitted limits. |
| Hardness below limits | - | Found with Rockwell, Brinell or alternative hardnesss tests. |
| Hardness above limits | - | Found with Rockwell, Brinell or alternative hardness tests. |
| Magnetism low | - | Low or no magnetism of permanently magnetized parts. |
| Mis-matched | - | A condition caused because of the incorrect relation of parts. |
| Mis-positioned | Mis-aligned, reversed, cocked | The incorrect installation of a part which results in damage to the part or related parts. |
| Obsolete | Superseded | The part is not in use. |
| Out of balance | - | The weight is not equally symmetrical around the axis. This condition is to be examined if there is no apparent damage. |
| Out of round | Elongated | The diameters of the part are not constant. |
| Out of square | - | The related surfaces are not at the specified right angle. |
| Part removed pending investigation | - | A part removed as a precaution until an investigation is done and a technical decision is made on its condition. |
| Received disassembled | - | - |
| Resistance high | - | High electrical resistance in an electrical circuit that causes incorrect circuit operation. |
| Resistance low | - | Low electrical resistance in an electrical circuit that causes incorrect circuit operation. |
| Tension or compression below minimum | - | Tension or compression load is lower than is specified. |
| Tension or compression above maximum | - | Tension or compression load is higher than is specified. |
| Time expiration | Part retired | The part is not used because of a time limit. |
| Voltage erratic | - | Caused because of the intermittent or irregular flow of current. |
| Voltage - none - (circuit shorted or grounded) | - | Caused because of an unwanted current path to ground or between leads of circuits that are usually at a different voltage. |
| Voltage - none - (circuit open) | - | Caused because an electrical circuit is not complete because of a break beween electrical connections. |
C. Types of Damage to Composite Materials.
(1) Unbond (or Disbond)
The separation of two bonded surfaces
There are two types of unbond as follows:
(a) Adhesive failure
This is failure at the joint between the bonded surface and the adhesive. The adhesive stays on one of the surfaces.
For honeycomb structures, adhesive failure can be divided in to two types.
1 Failure at the joint between the adhesive and the surface layer of the honeycomb. Adhesive stays on the honeycomb but not on the related position on the surface layer.
(b) Cohesive failure
This is failure in the adhesive material. The adhesive stays on each surface.
This is the separation of layers in a composite laminate.
(3) Cracked or split
A crack or split through a composite laminate; is seen as a small opening in the composite surface layer or the complete composite thickness. It is usually caused when the material is hit or because of distortion.
This is seen as a rubbed surface with the protection removed from the fibers, this can result in broken fibers.
(5) Eroded
This is seen as the removal of the surface resin layer caused because of the effects of weather. When the protection is removed from the fibers it can make the surface rough. It is possible for the fibers to become eroded.
(6) Cavity
This is an empty space that occurs usually in the surface layers with a large quantity of resin or infilled locations.
(7) Impact damage
There are two groups of impact damage:
(a) Sharp object
Usually a split or a crack, possibly with related delamination near the damage.
(b) Blunt object
Usually delamination of the layers with a possible related split, crack or unbond. Damage usually extends out of the immediate location of the damage.
Strips of lifted surface fibers, pulled and peeled along the fiber length. Damage is frequently made larger because of the air flow until the fiber breaks.
(9) Fire or heat damage
This can cause one or all of the conditions that follow:
(a) Blistered
This is bubbles on the surface caused because of local delamination below the surface layer.
(b) Scorched
This is seen as a change in color of the surface layer.
(c) Resin degradation
This is deterioration of the resin of a composite laminate, at the surface and also internally, which results in delamination and loose fibers.
(10) Fluid diffusion
This is fluid leakage through a composite material that has high porosity. This is usually related to wet lay up assemblies.
(1) Unbond (or Disbond)
The separation of two bonded surfaces
There are two types of unbond as follows:
(a) Adhesive failure
This is failure at the joint between the bonded surface and the adhesive. The adhesive stays on one of the surfaces.
For honeycomb structures, adhesive failure can be divided in to two types.
1 Failure at the joint between the adhesive and the surface layer of the honeycomb. Adhesive stays on the honeycomb but not on the related position on the surface layer.
NOTE: The adhesive will stay on the surface layer at the locations related to the honeycomb cells.
2 Failure at the joint between the adhesive and the honeycomb. The adhesive stays on the surface layer but not on the honeycomb. This is usually known as pull out. (b) Cohesive failure
This is failure in the adhesive material. The adhesive stays on each surface.
NOTE: Unbond which occurs in composites can also occur in honeycomb structures with metal perforate and non-perforate surface layers.
(2) Delaminated This is the separation of layers in a composite laminate.
(3) Cracked or split
A crack or split through a composite laminate; is seen as a small opening in the composite surface layer or the complete composite thickness. It is usually caused when the material is hit or because of distortion.
NOTE: Cracks can occur in locations that are filled or have large quantities of resin. These are only surface defects and must be correctly identified from cracks in the composite laminate.
(4) Fretted This is seen as a rubbed surface with the protection removed from the fibers, this can result in broken fibers.
(5) Eroded
This is seen as the removal of the surface resin layer caused because of the effects of weather. When the protection is removed from the fibers it can make the surface rough. It is possible for the fibers to become eroded.
(6) Cavity
This is an empty space that occurs usually in the surface layers with a large quantity of resin or infilled locations.
(7) Impact damage
There are two groups of impact damage:
(a) Sharp object
Usually a split or a crack, possibly with related delamination near the damage.
(b) Blunt object
Usually delamination of the layers with a possible related split, crack or unbond. Damage usually extends out of the immediate location of the damage.
NOTE: In honeycomb sandwich structures, impact damage could include other types of damage to the honeycomb.
(8) Torn fibers Strips of lifted surface fibers, pulled and peeled along the fiber length. Damage is frequently made larger because of the air flow until the fiber breaks.
(9) Fire or heat damage
This can cause one or all of the conditions that follow:
(a) Blistered
This is bubbles on the surface caused because of local delamination below the surface layer.
(b) Scorched
This is seen as a change in color of the surface layer.
(c) Resin degradation
This is deterioration of the resin of a composite laminate, at the surface and also internally, which results in delamination and loose fibers.
(10) Fluid diffusion
This is fluid leakage through a composite material that has high porosity. This is usually related to wet lay up assemblies.