CRANKING - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

1. Air Supply
The air necessary for the starting comes from the duct connecting engine bleed and the precooler via a 4 in.(101.6 mm) diameter duct. This duct is attached to the engine before the precooler inlet.
Through operation of the croosfeed valve and APU bleed, the air necessary for the starter is supplied by either:

crossbleed from the other engine,
the APU and in that case, all the air bled from the APU is used for starting,
an external source able to supply a pressure between 25 and 55 psig (1.72 and 3.79 bar).

** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

2. Dry Cranking

A. Requirement
A dry motoring of the engine will be needed when:

it is necessary to eliminate any fuel accumulated in the combustion chamber,
a leak check of engine systems is needed.
To perform this operation, the starter is engaged and the engine is motored but the HP fuel shut-off valve remains closed and both ignition systems are OFF.

NOTE: Make sure that you do not go over the starter limits that follow.

no engagement of the starter when the core speed is above 20 percent.
the acceptable duty cycles can be performed by using one the three following procedures:
- 4 consecutive cycles, each of 2 minutes duration with a 20 second rest between 2 consecutive attempts. After 4 cycles, wait 15 minutes to allow starter to cool before you try a new start or motoring.
- one 5 minute cycle followed by a cooling period of 2 minutes after the first motoring and a 10 minutes interval between the following ones.
- one 15 minute cycle followed by a 15 minute cooling period before you try a new start or motoring.
It is recommended to use the 15 minute cycle only for cooling the engine to do a borescope inspection.
If the ambient temperature is above 38 deg.C (100.4 deg.F), an ECU high temperature warning indicating the ECU has reached 70 deg.C (158 deg.F) may be displayed during the 15 minute cycle procedure. This may occur because throughout the test, the ECU cooling valve remains closed (no cooling air to the ECU). if the ECU high temperature warning is present for more than 15 minutes after completion of 15 minute cycle procedure perform troubleshooting .

** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

3. Wet Cranking

A. Requirement
A wet motoring will be needed when the integrity of the fuel system has to be checked.
If such a test is performed, both ignition systems are off and the starter is engaged to raise N2 up to the required speed of 20 percent. The ENG/MASTER control switch is moved to ON and the exhaust nozzle of the engine carefully monitored to detect any trace of fuel.
The test/engine should not be run for more than 15 seconds with the ENG/MASTER 1(2) control switch in the ON position to prevent fuel puddling in the combustion chamber.

NOTE: Make sure that you do not go over the starter limits that follow:

no engagement of the starter when the core speed is above 20 percent.
the acceptable duty cycles can be performed by using one the three following procedures:
- 4 consecutive cycles, each of 2 minutes duration with a 20 second rest between 2 consecutive attempts. After 4 cycles, wait 15 minutes to allow starter to cool before you try a new start or motoring.
- one 5 minute cycle followed by a cooling period of 2 minutes after the first motoring and a 10 minutes interval between the following ones.
- one 15 minute cycle followed by a 15 minute cooling period before you try a new start or motoring.
It is recommended to use the 15 minute cycle only for cooling the engine to do a borescope inspection.
If the ambient temperature is above 38 deg.C (100.4 deg.F), an ECU high temperature warning indicating the ECU has reached 70 deg.C (158 deg.F) may be displayed during the 15 minute cycle procedure. This may occur because throughout the test, the ECU cooling valve remains closed (no cooling air to the ECU). If the ECU high temperature warning is present for more than 15 minutes after completion of 15 minute cycle procedure perform troubleshooting.

In all cases, the ENG/MASTER control switch will be returned to OFF and the engine will be motored for at least 60 seconds to eliminate entrapped fuel or vapor.

** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

4. Starting Control and Indicating

A. General
The starting control signals are acquired by the FADEC unit from the ENG START panel (115VU), and the overhead panel via EIU.

B. Operation

(1) ENG start panel is used in the following conditions:

(a) On the ground for:

engine dry cranking,
engine wet motoring,
engine starting (manual and automatic).

(b) In flight:

in-flight relight with starter assistance,
in-flight relight without starter assistance.

(2) Starting on the ground

Ignition and Starting System ** ON A/C NOT FOR ALL

(Ref. 74-31-00, para 2.A. and 2.B.)

(3) Engine relight in flight
FADEC identified windmilling or starter assisted conditions.
Restart in flight uses the same procedure as on the ground.

(a) Engine relight in windmilling configuration in flight conditions (mach, altitude are in the windmilling relight range), the engine can be relit without using the starter and provided N2>15 percent. The procedure is as follows:

place ENG/MODE/CRANK/selector switch in the IGN/START position,
place the MASTER control switch in ON position.

(b) Relight using starter
The procedure is the same as for a start on the ground.
The engine air starts envelope is referenced in figure.

(4) Continuous ignition (Ref. 74-31-00, para. 1.C.)

C. Warnings
When a fault occurs during engine start, warning messages appear on the upper ECAM. They warn the crew about the failure and indicate the procedure to perform.

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! FAILURE ! OPERATIONAL CONSEQUENCE ! WARNING/CAUTION MESSAGE !

!--------------------!---------------------------!----------------------------!

! ! ! - ENG 1 (2) AUTO START !

! ! ! FAULT !

! Starter SOV ! ! - START VALVE NOT OPEN !

! fails closed ! ! - XBLEED .... OPEN !

! ! ! - APU BLEED ... OPEN !

! ! ! - ENG MASTER 1 (2) ....OFF !

!--------------------! !----------------------------!

! ! - MASTER CAUT on ! - ENG 1 (2) AUTO START !

! ! ! FAULT !

! Starter SOV ! - FAULT legend on ! - START VALVE NOT CLOSED !

! fails open ! ! - START AIR SUPPLY ....ISOL!

! ! ! - ENG MASTER 1 (2) ....OFF !

!--------------------! !----------------------------!

! ! ! - ENG 1 (2) AUTO START !

! HP fuel SOV ! ! FAULT !

! fails closed ! ! - HP FUEL VALVE NOT OPEN !

! ! ! - ENG MASTER 1 (2) ....OFF !

!--------------------!---------------------------!----------------------------!

! Engine stall ! Increased engine starting ! - ENG 1 (2) STARTING !

! during starting ! duration ! RECOVERY IN PROCESS !

!--------------------!---------------------------!----------------------------!

! Hung start ! Increased engine starting ! - ENG 1 (2) STARTING !

! ! duration ! RECOVERY IN PROCESS !

!--------------------!---------------------------!----------------------------!

! ! ! - ENG 1 (2) AUTO START !

! High EGT during ! ! FAULT !

! starting ! ! - ENG 1 (2) EGT OVERLIMIT !

! ! ! - ENG MASTER 1 (2) ....OFF !

!--------------------! - MASTER CAUT on !----------------------------!

! ! - FAULT legend on ! - ENG 1 (2) AUTO START !

! Engine stall ! - Start abort ! FAULT !

! during starting ! ! - ENG 1 (2) STALL !

! ! ! - ENG MASTER 1 (2) ....OFF !

!--------------------! !----------------------------!

! ! ! - ENG 1 (2) AUTO START !

! ! ! FAULT !

! No engine light - ! ! - ENG 1 (2) IGNITION FAULT !

! off ! ! - NEW START IN PROGRESS !

! ! ! - AUTO DRY CRANK PROCESS !

! ! ! - ENG MASTER 1 (2) ....OFF !

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[Rev.10 from 2021] 2026.04.01 03:43:57 UTC